海外服务器代购网™

Centos Linux Directadmin 安全设置

      近日一些美国服务器代购的Linux Directadmin服务器，由于安全设置和优化设置配置不佳，导致服务器运行中负载过高，或者直接被Hack入侵。就此问题，我们海外服务器代购网就已为客户处理多次，就在这几天网络浏览中看到一些Linux Directadmin 服务器安全设置以及对apache、mysql优化设置。在此我们转发下，供大家参考设置。

服务器安全优化

vim /etc/fstab
修改/tmp为值为rw,nosuid,noexec
添加/home的值nosuid
修改tmpfs的值为rw,noexec,nosuid
mv /var/tmp /var/tmp_bak   #移动/var/tmp目录
ln -s /tmp /var/tmp

php.ini的disable_function设置执行:

cd /usr/local/directadmin/custombuild
./build update
./build secure_php
./build update
./build all d

mysql安全设置

vim /etc/my.conf
修改为bind-address = 127.0.0.1   #指定mysql监听在127.0.0.1
添加set-variable = max_connections=32000     #MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384

apache优化设置

禁止apache调用perl
chgrp apache /usr/bin/perl
chmod 705 /usr/bin/perl

优化apache

#!/bin/bash
echo -e “KeepAlive On\nMaxKeepAliveRequests 120\nKeepAliveTimeout 15\n” >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle
echo 1800 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time
echo 30 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout
echo 8069 > /proc/sys/net/core/netdev_max_backlog
/sbin/sysctl -p > /dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/service httpd restart

就此完毕，已经测试，效果不错！~值得尝试！~~

注：红色执行命令，蓝色填写内容

Centos Linux yum 安装Nginx(lnmp环境)

         对于Linux服务器上，安装环境有编译安装和rpm包安装，编译安装相当耗费时间，rpm包一个一个安装，包太多，安全起来相对也比较麻烦，就此，yum安装方式从此诞生，以下，我们来通过简单方便的yum安装lnmp环境。

首先需要设置yum源，因为官方源并没有提供nginx的rpm包,并且国内下载比较慢,所以更改源文件为163源以下内容

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for CentOS.
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever – Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
 
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever – Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
 
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever – Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever – Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever – Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

保存退出

 更新系统组件

yum update -y

安装所需工具包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

安装nginx，因为所列源并没有nginx，所以我们需要下载nginx附加包

rpm -Uvh http://download.Fedora.RedHat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
yum -y install nginx
chkconfig nginx on

安装php+mysql

yum -y install php mysql mysql-server mysql-devel php-mysql php-cgi php-mbstring php-gd php-fastcgi
chkconfig mysqld on

通过以上命令，lnmp环境就此安装完毕。上传网站文件，点击这里vsftp安装说明，如果对nginx不熟悉的话，通过可以点击这里nginx网站配置说明

Centos Linux Mysql 脚本优化 my.ini

今天智强站长论坛上闲逛，无意中看到一篇关于mysql  my.ini优化脚本，测试了下，感觉不错，现在给大家分享一下。

vim tuning-primer.sh
#!/bin/sh

#########################################################################
#         #
# MySQL performance tuning primer script    #
# Writen by: Matthew Montgomery   #
# Inspired by: MySQLARd  #
# Version: 1.5-r5  Released: 2009-11-22   #
# Licenced under GPLv2                                            #
#         #
#########################################################################

#########################################################################
#         #
# Little known feature: 1st argument is execution mode   #
#         #
# Usage: ./tuning-primer.sh [ mode ]     #
#         #
# Available Modes:       #
#  all :   perform all checks (default)  #
#  prompt :  prompt for login credintials and socket #
#    and execution mode   #
#   mem, memory :  run checks for tunable options which #
#    effect memory usage   #
#  disk, file : run checks for options which effect #
#    i/o performance or file handle limits #
#  innodb : run InnoDB checks /* to be improved */ #
#  misc :   run checks for that don’t categorise #
#    well Slow Queries, Binary logs,  #
#    Used Connections and Worker Threads #
#########################################################################
#         #
# Set this socket variable ONLY if you have multiple instances running #
# or we are unable to find your socket, and you don’t want to to be #
# prompted for input each time you run this script.   #
#         #
#########################################################################
socket=
export black=’\033[0m'
export boldblack='\033[1;0m'
export red='\033[31m'
export boldred='\033[1;31m'
export green='\033[32m'
export boldgreen='\033[1;32m'
export yellow='\033[33m'
export boldyellow='\033[1;33m'
export blue='\033[34m'
export boldblue='\033[1;34m'
export magenta='\033[35m'
export boldmagenta='\033[1;35m'
export cyan='\033[36m'
export boldcyan='\033[1;36m'
export white='\033[37m'
export boldwhite='\033[1;37m'
cecho ()

## -- Function to easliy print colored text -- ##

 # Color-echo.
 # Argument $1 = message
 # Argument $2 = color
{
local default_msg="No message passed."

message=${1:-$default_msg} # Defaults to default message.

#change it for fun
#We use pure names
color=${2:-black}  # Defaults to black, if not specified.

case $color in
 black)
   printf "$black" ;;
 boldblack)
   printf "$boldblack" ;;
 red)
   printf "$red" ;;
 boldred)
   printf "$boldred" ;;
 yellow)
   printf "$yellow" ;;
 boldyellow)
   printf "$boldyellow" ;;
 blue)
   printf "$blue" ;;
 boldblue)
   printf "$boldblue" ;;
 magenta)
   printf "$magenta" ;;
 boldmagenta)
   printf "$boldmagenta" ;;
 cyan)
   printf "$cyan" ;;
 boldcyan)
   printf "$boldcyan" ;;
 white)
   printf "$white" ;;
 boldwhite)
   printf "$boldwhite" ;;
esac
  printf "%s\n"  "$message"
  tput sgr0   # Reset to normal.
  printf "$black"

return
}
cechon ()  

## -- Function to easliy print colored text -- ##

 # Color-echo.
 # Argument $1 = message
 # Argument $2 = color
{
local default_msg="No message passed."
    # Doesn't really need to be a local variable.

message=${1:-$default_msg} # Defaults to default message.

#change it for fun
#We use pure names
color=${2:-black}  # Defaults to black, if not specified.

case $color in
 black)
   printf "$black" ;;
 boldblack)
   printf "$boldblack" ;;
 red)
   printf "$red" ;;
 boldred)
   printf "$boldred" ;;
 yellow)
   printf "$yellow" ;;
 boldyellow)
   printf "$boldyellow" ;;
 blue)
   printf "$blue" ;;
 boldblue)
   printf "$boldblue" ;;
 magenta)
   printf "$magenta" ;;
 boldmagenta)
   printf "$boldmagenta" ;;
 cyan)
   printf "$cyan" ;;
 boldcyan)
   printf "$boldcyan" ;;
 white)
   printf "$white" ;;
 boldwhite)
   printf "$boldwhite" ;;
esac
  printf "%s"  "$message"
  tput sgr0   # Reset to normal.
  printf "$black"

return
}
print_banner () {

## -- Banner -- ##

cecho " -- MYSQL PERFORMANCE TUNING PRIMER --" boldblue
cecho "      - By: Matthew Montgomery -" black

}

## -- Find the location of the mysql.sock file -- ##

check_for_socket () {
 if [ -z "$socket" ] ; then
  # Use ~/my.cnf version
  if [ -f ~/.my.cnf ] ; then
   cnf_socket=$(grep ^socket ~/.my.cnf | awk -F \= ‘{ print $2 }’ | head -1)
  fi
  if [ -S "$cnf_socket" ] ; then
   socket=$cnf_socket
  elif [ -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ] ; then
   socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  elif [ -S /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ] ; then
   socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
  elif [ -S /tmp/mysql.sock ] ; then
   socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
  else
   if [ -S "$ps_socket" ] ; then
   socket=$ps_socket
   fi
  fi
 fi
 if [ -S "$socket" ] ; then
  echo UP > /dev/null
 else
  cecho “No valid socket file \”$socket\” found!” boldred
  cecho “The mysqld process is not running or it is installed in a custom location.” red
  cecho “If you are sure mysqld is running, execute script in \”prompt\” mode or set ” red
  cecho “the socket= variable at the top of this script” red
  exit 1
 fi
}
check_for_plesk_passwords () {

## — Check for the existance of plesk and login using it’s credentials — ##

 if [ -f /etc/psa/.psa.shadow ] ; then
         mysql=”mysql -S $socket -u admin -p$(cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow)”
         mysqladmin=”mysqladmin -S $socket -u admin -p$(cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow)”
 else
         mysql=”mysql”
         mysqladmin=”mysqladmin”
         # mysql=”mysql -S $socket”
         # mysqladmin=”mysqladmin -S $socket”
 fi
}

check_mysql_login () {

## — Test for running mysql — ##

 is_up=$($mysqladmin ping 2>&1)
 if [ "$is_up" = "mysqld is alive" ] ; then
  echo UP > /dev/null
   # echo $is_up
 elif [ "$is_up" != "mysqld is alive" ] ; then
  printf “\n”
  cecho “Using login values from ~/.my.cnf”
  cecho “- INITIAL LOGIN ATTEMPT FAILED -” boldred
  if [ -z $prompted ] ; then
  find_webmin_passwords
  else
   return 1
  fi
  
 else
  cecho “Unknow exit status” red
  exit -1
 fi
}

final_login_attempt () {
        is_up=$($mysqladmin ping 2>&1)
        if [ "$is_up" = "mysqld is alive" ] ; then
                echo UP > /dev/null
        elif [ "$is_up" != "mysqld is alive" ] ; then
                cecho “- FINAL LOGIN ATTEMPT FAILED -” boldred
  cecho “Unable to log into socket: $socket” boldred
                exit 1
        fi
}

second_login_failed () {

## — create a ~/.my.cnf and exit when all else fails — ##

 cecho “Could not auto detect login info!”
 cecho “Found Sockets: $found_socks”
 cecho “Using: $socket” red
 read -p “Would you like to provide a different socket?: [y/N] ” REPLY
  case $REPLY in
   yes | y | Y | YES)
   read -p “Socket: ” socket
   ;;
  esac
 read -p “Do you have your login handy ? [y/N] : ” REPLY
 case $REPLY in
  yes | y | Y | YES)
  answer1=’yes’
  read -p “User: ” user
  read -rp “Password: ” pass
  if [ -z $pass ] ; then
  export mysql=”$mysql -S$socket -u$user”
  export mysqladmin=”$mysqladmin -S$socket -u$user”
  else
  export mysql=”$mysql -S$socket -u$user -p$pass”
  export mysqladmin=”$mysqladmin -S$socket -u$user -p$pass”
  fi
  ;;
  *)
  cecho “Please create a valid login to MySQL”
  cecho “Or, set correct values for  ‘user=’ and ‘password=’ in ~/.my.cnf”
  ;;
 esac
 cecho ” ”
 read -p “Would you like me to create a ~/.my.cnf file for you? [y/N] : ” REPLY
        case $REPLY in
         yes | y | Y | YES)
  answer2=’yes’
  if [ ! -f ~/.my.cnf ] ; then
   umask 077
   printf “[client]\nuser=$user\npassword=$pass\nsocket=$socket” > ~/.my.cnf
   if [ "$answer1" != 'yes' ] ; then
    exit 1
   else
    final_login_attempt
    return 0
   fi
  else
   printf “\n”
   cecho “~/.my.cnf already exists!” boldred
   printf “\n”
   read -p “Replace ? [y/N] : ” REPLY
   if [ "$REPLY" = 'y' ] || [ "$REPLY" = 'Y' ] ; then
   printf “[client]\nuser=$user\npassword=$pass\socket=$socket” > ~/.my.cnf
    if [ "$answer1" != 'yes' ] ; then
     exit 1
    else
     final_login_attempt
     return 0
    fi
   else
    cecho “Please set the ‘user=’ and ‘password=’ and ‘socket=’ values in ~/.my.cnf”
    exit 1
   fi
  fi
  ;;
  *)
  if [ "$answer1" != 'yes' ] ; then
   exit 1
  else
   final_login_attempt
   return 0
  fi
  ;;
 esac
}

find_webmin_passwords () {

## — populate the .my.cnf file using values harvested from Webmin — ##

 cecho “Testing for stored webmin passwords:”
 if [ -f /etc/webmin/mysql/config ] ; then
  user=$(grep ^login= /etc/webmin/mysql/config | cut -d “=” -f 2)
  pass=$(grep ^pass= /etc/webmin/mysql/config | cut -d “=” -f 2)
  if [  $user ] && [ $pass ] && [ ! -f ~/.my.cnf  ] ; then
   cecho “Setting login info as User: $user Password: $pass”
   touch ~/.my.cnf
   chmod 600 ~/.my.cnf
   printf “[client]\nuser=$user\npassword=$pass” > ~/.my.cnf
   cecho “Retrying login”
   is_up=$($mysqladmin ping 2>&1)
   if [ "$is_up" = "mysqld is alive"  ] ; then
    echo UP > /dev/null
   else
    second_login_failed
   fi
  echo
  else
   second_login_failed
  echo
  fi
 else
 cecho ” None Found” boldred
  second_login_failed
 fi
}

#########################################################################
#         #
#  Function to pull MySQL status variable    #
#         #
#  Call using :        #
# mysql_status \’Mysql_status_variable\’ bash_dest_variable #
#         #
#########################################################################

mysql_status () {
 local status=$($mysql -Bse “show /*!50000 global */ status like $1″ | awk ‘{ print $2 }’)
 export “$2″=$status
}

#########################################################################
#         #
#  Function to pull MySQL server runtime variable   #
#         #
#  Call using :        #
# mysql_variable \’Mysql_server_variable\’ bash_dest_variable #
# - OR -        #
# mysql_variableTSV \’Mysql_server_variable\’ bash_dest_variable #
#         #
#########################################################################

mysql_variable () {
 local variable=$($mysql -Bse “show /*!50000 global */ variables like $1″ | awk ‘{ print $2 }’)
 export “$2″=$variable
}
mysql_variableTSV () {
        local variable=$($mysql -Bse “show /*!50000 global */ variables like $1″ | awk -F \t ‘{ print $2 }’)
        export “$2″=$variable
}

float2int () {
        local variable=$(echo “$1 / 1″ | bc -l)
        export “$2″=$variable
}

divide () {

# — Divide two intigers — #

 usage=”$0 dividend divisor ‘$variable’ scale”
 if [ $1 -ge 1 ] ; then
  dividend=$1
 else
  cecho “Invalid Dividend” red
  echo $usage
  exit 1
 fi
 if [ $2 -ge 1 ] ; then
  divisor=$2
 else
  cecho “Invalid Divisor” red
  echo $usage
  exit 1
 fi
 if [ ! -n $3 ] ; then
  cecho “Invalid variable name” red
  echo $usage
  exit 1
 fi
 if [ -z $4 ] ; then
  scale=2
 elif [ $4 -ge 0 ] ; then
  scale=$4
 else
  cecho “Invalid scale” red
  echo $usage
  exit 1
 fi
 export $3=$(echo “scale=$scale; $dividend / $divisor” | bc -l)
}

human_readable () {

#########################################################################
#         #
#  Convert a value in to human readable size and populate a variable #
#  with the result.       #
#         #
#  Call using:        #
# human_readable $value ‘variable name’ [ places of precision] #
#         #
#########################################################################

 ## value=$1
 ## variable=$2
 scale=$3

 if [ $1 -ge 1073741824 ] ; then
  if [ -z $3 ] ; then
   scale=2
  fi
  divide $1 1073741824 “$2″ $scale
  unit=”G”
 elif [ $1 -ge 1048576 ] ; then
  if [ -z $3 ] ; then
   scale=0
  fi
  divide $1 1048576 “$2″ $scale
         unit=”M”
 elif [ $1 -ge 1024 ] ; then
  if [ -z $3 ] ; then
   scale=0
  fi
  divide $1 1024 “$2″ $scale
         unit=”K”
 else
  export “$2″=$1
         unit=”bytes”
 fi
 # let “$2″=$HR
}

human_readable_time () {

########################################################################
#               #
# Function to produce human readable time                        #
#               #
########################################################################

 usage=”$0 seconds ‘variable’”
 if [ -z $1 ] || [ -z $2 ] ; then
  cecho $usage red
  exit 1
 fi
 days=$(echo “scale=0 ; $1 / 86400″ | bc -l)
 remainder=$(echo “scale=0 ; $1 % 86400″ | bc -l)
 hours=$(echo “scale=0 ; $remainder / 3600″ | bc -l)
 remainder=$(echo “scale=0 ; $remainder % 3600″ | bc -l)
 minutes=$(echo “scale=0 ; $remainder / 60″ | bc -l)
 seconds=$(echo “scale=0 ; $remainder % 60″ | bc -l)
 export $2=”$days days $hours hrs $minutes min $seconds sec”
}

check_mysql_version () {

## — Print Version Info — ##

 mysql_variable \’version\’ mysql_version
 mysql_variable \’version_compile_machine\’ mysql_version_compile_machine
 
if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] || [ "$major_version" = '4.0' ] ; then
 cecho “MySQL Version $mysql_version $mysql_version_compile_machine is EOL please upgrade to MySQL 4.1 or later” boldred
else
 cecho “MySQL Version $mysql_version $mysql_version_compile_machine”
fi
}

post_uptime_warning () {

#########################################################################
#         #
#  Present a reminder that mysql must run for a couple of days to #
#  build up good numbers in server status variables before these tuning #
#  suggestions should be used.      #
#         #
#########################################################################

 mysql_status \’Uptime\’ uptime
 mysql_status \’Threads_connected\’ threads
 queries_per_sec=$(($questions/$uptime))
 human_readable_time $uptime uptimeHR

 cecho “Uptime = $uptimeHR”
 cecho “Avg. qps = $queries_per_sec”
 cecho “Total Questions = $questions”
 cecho “Threads Connected = $threads”
 echo

 if [ $uptime -gt 172800 ] ; then
  cecho “Server has been running for over 48hrs.”
  cecho “It should be safe to follow these recommendations”
 else
  cechon “Warning: ” boldred
  cecho “Server has not been running for at least 48hrs.” boldred
  cecho “It may not be safe to use these recommendations” boldred

 fi
 echo “”
 cecho “To find out more information on how each of these” red
 cecho “runtime variables effects performance visit:” red
 if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] || [ "$major_version" = '4.0' ] || [ "$major_version" = '4.1' ] ; then
 cecho “http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/server-system-variables.html” boldblue
 elif [ "$major_version" = '5.0' ] || [ "$major_version" = '5.1' ] ; then
 cecho “http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/$major_version/en/server-system-variables.html” boldblue
 else
 cecho “UNSUPPORTED MYSQL VERSION” boldred
 exit 1
 fi
 cecho “Visit http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html” boldblue
 cecho “for info about MySQL’s Enterprise Monitoring and Advisory Service” boldblue
}

check_slow_queries () {

## — Slow Queries — ##

 cecho “SLOW QUERIES” boldblue

 mysql_status \’Slow_queries\’ slow_queries
 mysql_variable \’long_query_time\’ long_query_time
 mysql_variable \’log%queries\’ log_slow_queries
 
 prefered_query_time=5
 if [ -e /etc/my.cnf ] ; then
  if [ -z $log_slow_queries ] ; then
   log_slow_queries=$(grep log-slow-queries /etc/my.cnf)
  fi
 fi

 if [ "$log_slow_queries" = 'ON' ] ; then
  cecho “The slow query log is enabled.”
 elif [ "$log_slow_queries" = 'OFF' ] ; then
  cechon “The slow query log is ”
  cechon “NOT” boldred
  cecho ” enabled.”
 elif [ -z $log_slow_queries ] ; then
  cechon “The slow query log is ”
  cechon “NOT” boldred
  cecho ” enabled.”
 else
  cecho “Error: $log_slow_queries” boldred
 fi
 cecho “Current long_query_time = $long_query_time sec.”
 cechon “You have ”
 cechon “$slow_queries” boldred
 cechon ” out of ”
 cechon “$questions” boldred
 cecho ” that take longer than $long_query_time sec. to complete”
 
 float2int long_query_time long_query_timeInt

 if [ $long_query_timeInt -gt $prefered_query_time ] ; then
                cecho “Your long_query_time may be too high, I typically set this under $prefered_query_time sec.” red
 else
  cecho “Your long_query_time seems to be fine” green
 fi

}

check_binary_log () {

## — Binary Log — ##

 cecho “BINARY UPDATE LOG” boldblue

 mysql_variable \’log_bin\’ log_bin
 mysql_variable \’max_binlog_size\’ max_binlog_size
 mysql_variable \’expire_logs_days\’ expire_logs_days
 mysql_variable \’sync_binlog\’ sync_binlog
 #  mysql_variable \’max_binlog_cache_size\’ max_binlog_cache_size

 if [ "$log_bin" = 'ON' ] ; then
  cecho “The binary update log is enabled”
  if [ -z "$max_binlog_size" ] ; then
   cecho “The max_binlog_size is not set. The binary log will rotate when it reaches 1GB.” red
  fi
  if [ "$expire_logs_days" -eq 0 ] ; then
   cecho “The expire_logs_days is not set.” boldred
   cechon “The mysqld will retain the entire binary log until ” red
   cecho “RESET MASTER or PURGE MASTER LOGS commands are run manually” red
   cecho “Setting expire_logs_days will allow you to remove old binary logs automatically”  yellow
   cecho “See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/$major_version/en/purge-master-logs.html” yellow
  fi
  if [ "$sync_binlog" = 0 ] ; then
   cecho “Binlog sync is not enabled, you could loose binlog records during a server crash” red
  fi
 else
  cechon “The binary update log is ”
  cechon “NOT ” boldred
  cecho “enabled.”
  cecho “You will not be able to do point in time recovery” red
  cecho “See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/$major_version/en/point-in-time-recovery.html” yellow
 fi
}

check_used_connections () {

## — Used Connections — ##

 mysql_variable \’max_connections\’ max_connections
 mysql_status \’Max_used_connections\’ max_used_connections
 mysql_status \’Threads_connected\’ threads_connected

 connections_ratio=$(($max_used_connections*100/$max_connections))

 cecho “MAX CONNECTIONS” boldblue
 cecho “Current max_connections = $max_connections”
 cecho “Current threads_connected = $threads_connected”
 cecho “Historic max_used_connections = $max_used_connections”
 cechon “The number of used connections is ”
 if [ $connections_ratio -ge 85 ] ; then
  txt_color=red
  error=1
 elif [ $connections_ratio -le 10 ] ; then
  txt_color=red
  error=2
 else
  txt_color=green
  error=0
 fi
 # cechon “$max_used_connections ” $txt_color
 # cechon “which is ”
 cechon “$connections_ratio% ” $txt_color
 cecho “of the configured maximum.”

 if [ $error -eq 1 ] ; then
  cecho “You should raise max_connections” $txt_color
 elif [ $error -eq 2 ] ; then
  cecho “You are using less than 10% of your configured max_connections.” $txt_color
  cecho “Lowering max_connections could help to avoid an over-allocation of memory” $txt_color
  cecho “See \”MEMORY USAGE\” section to make sure you are not over-allocating” $txt_color
 else
  cecho “Your max_connections variable seems to be fine.” $txt_color
 fi
 unset txt_color
}

check_threads() {

## — Worker Threads — ##

 cecho “WORKER THREADS” boldblue

 mysql_status \’Threads_created\’ threads_created1
 sleep 1
 mysql_status \’Threads_created\’ threads_created2

 mysql_status \’Threads_cached\’ threads_cached
 mysql_status \’Uptime\’ uptime
 mysql_variable \’thread_cache_size\’ thread_cache_size

 historic_threads_per_sec=$(($threads_created1/$uptime))
 current_threads_per_sec=$(($threads_created2-$threads_created1))

 cecho “Current thread_cache_size = $thread_cache_size”
 cecho “Current threads_cached = $threads_cached”
 cecho “Current threads_per_sec = $current_threads_per_sec”
 cecho “Historic threads_per_sec = $historic_threads_per_sec”

 if [ $historic_threads_per_sec -ge 2 ] && [ $threads_cached -le 1 ] ; then
  cecho “Threads created per/sec are overrunning threads cached” red
  cecho “You should raise thread_cache_size” red
 elif [ $current_threads_per_sec -ge 2 ] ; then
  cecho “Threads created per/sec are overrunning threads cached” red
  cecho “You should raise thread_cache_size” red
 else
  cecho “Your thread_cache_size is fine” green
 fi
}

check_key_buffer_size () {

## — Key buffer Size — ##

 cecho “KEY BUFFER” boldblue

 mysql_status \’Key_read_requests\’ key_read_requests
 mysql_status \’Key_reads\’ key_reads
 mysql_status \’Key_blocks_used\’ key_blocks_used
 mysql_status \’Key_blocks_unused\’ key_blocks_unused
 mysql_variable \’key_cache_block_size\’ key_cache_block_size
 mysql_variable \’key_buffer_size\’ key_buffer_size
        mysql_variable \’datadir\’ datadir
        mysql_variable \’version_compile_machine\’ mysql_version_compile_machine
 myisam_indexes=$($mysql -Bse “/*!50000 SELECT IFNULL(SUM(INDEX_LENGTH),0) from information_schema.TABLES where ENGINE=’MyISAM’ */”)

 if [ -z $myisam_indexes ] ; then
  myisam_indexes=$(find $datadir -name ‘*.MYI’ -exec du $duflags ‘{}’ \; 2>&1 | awk ‘{ s += $1 } END { printf(“%.0f\n”, s )}’)
 fi

        if [ $key_reads -eq 0 ] ; then
                cecho “No key reads?!” boldred
                cecho “Seriously look into using some indexes” red
                key_cache_miss_rate=0
                key_buffer_free=$(echo “$key_blocks_unused * $key_cache_block_size / $key_buffer_size * 100″ | bc -l )
                key_buffer_freeRND=$(echo “scale=0; $key_buffer_free / 1″ | bc -l)
        else
                key_cache_miss_rate=$(($key_read_requests/$key_reads))
                if [ ! -z $key_blocks_unused ] ; then
   key_buffer_free=$(echo “$key_blocks_unused * $key_cache_block_size / $key_buffer_size * 100″ | bc -l )
                 key_buffer_freeRND=$(echo “scale=0; $key_buffer_free / 1″ | bc -l)
                else
                        key_buffer_free=’Unknown’
                        key_buffer_freeRND=75
                fi
        fi

 human_readable $myisam_indexes myisam_indexesHR
 cecho “Current MyISAM index space = $myisam_indexesHR $unit”

 human_readable  $key_buffer_size key_buffer_sizeHR
 cecho “Current key_buffer_size = $key_buffer_sizeHR $unit”
 cecho “Key cache miss rate is 1 : $key_cache_miss_rate”
 cecho “Key buffer free ratio = $key_buffer_freeRND %”

 if [ "$major_version" = '5.1' ] && [ $mysql_version_num -lt '5123' ] ; then
  if [ $key_buffer_size -ge 4294967296 ] && ( echo “x86_64 ppc64 ia64 sparc64 i686″ | grep -q $mysql_version_compile_machine ) ; then
   cecho “Using key_buffer_size > 4GB will cause instability in versions prior to 5.1.23 ” boldred
   cecho “See Bug#5731, Bug#29419, Bug#29446″ boldred
  fi
 fi
 if [ "$major_version" = '5.0' ] && [ $mysql_version_num -lt '5052' ] ; then
  if [ $key_buffer_size -ge 4294967296 ] && ( echo “x86_64 ppc64 ia64 sparc64 i686″ | grep -q $mysql_version_compile_machine ) ; then
   cecho “Using key_buffer_size > 4GB will cause instability in versions prior to 5.0.52 ” boldred
   cecho “See Bug#5731, Bug#29419, Bug#29446″ boldred
  fi
 fi
 if [ "$major_version" = '4.1' -o "$major_version" = '4.0' ] && [ $key_buffer_size -ge 4294967296 ] && ( echo “x86_64 ppc64 ia64 sparc64 i686″ | grep -q $mysql_version_compile_machine ) ; then
  cecho “Using key_buffer_size > 4GB will cause instability in versions prior to 5.0.52 ” boldred
  cecho “Reduce key_buffer_size to a safe value” boldred
  cecho “See Bug#5731, Bug#29419, Bug#29446″ boldred
 fi

 if [ $key_cache_miss_rate -le 100 ] && [ $key_cache_miss_rate -gt 0 ] && [ $key_buffer_freeRND -le 20 ]; then
  cecho “You could increase key_buffer_size” boldred
  cecho “It is safe to raise this up to 1/4 of total system memory;”
  cecho “assuming this is a dedicated database server.”
 elif [ $key_buffer_freeRND -le 20 ] && [ $key_buffer_size -le $myisam_indexes ] ; then
  cecho “You could increase key_buffer_size” boldred
  cecho “It is safe to raise this up to 1/4 of total system memory;”
  cecho “assuming this is a dedicated database server.”
 elif [ $key_cache_miss_rate -ge 10000 ] || [ $key_buffer_freeRND -le 50  ] ; then
  cecho “Your key_buffer_size seems to be too high.” red
  cecho “Perhaps you can use these resources elsewhere” red
 else
  cecho “Your key_buffer_size seems to be fine” green
 fi
}

check_query_cache () {

## — Query Cache — ##

 cecho “QUERY CACHE” boldblue

 mysql_variable \’version\’ mysql_version
 mysql_variable \’query_cache_size\’ query_cache_size
 mysql_variable \’query_cache_limit\’ query_cache_limit
 mysql_variable \’query_cache_min_res_unit\’ query_cache_min_res_unit
 mysql_status \’Qcache_free_memory\’ qcache_free_memory
 mysql_status \’Qcache_total_blocks\’ qcache_total_blocks
 mysql_status \’Qcache_free_blocks\’ qcache_free_blocks
 mysql_status \’Qcache_lowmem_prunes\’ qcache_lowmem_prunes

 if [ -z $query_cache_size ] ; then
  cecho “You are using MySQL $mysql_version, no query cache is supported.” red
  cecho “I recommend an upgrade to MySQL 4.1 or better” red
 elif [ $query_cache_size -eq 0 ] ; then
  cecho “Query cache is supported but not enabled” red
  cecho “Perhaps you should set the query_cache_size” red
 else
  qcache_used_memory=$(($query_cache_size-$qcache_free_memory))
  qcache_mem_fill_ratio=$(echo “scale=2; $qcache_used_memory * 100 / $query_cache_size” | bc -l)
  qcache_mem_fill_ratioHR=$(echo “scale=0; $qcache_mem_fill_ratio / 1″ | bc -l)

  cecho “Query cache is enabled” green
  human_readable $query_cache_size query_cache_sizeHR
  cecho “Current query_cache_size = $query_cache_sizeHR $unit”
  human_readable $qcache_used_memory qcache_used_memoryHR
  cecho “Current query_cache_used = $qcache_used_memoryHR $unit”
  human_readable $query_cache_limit query_cache_limitHR
  cecho “Current query_cache_limit = $query_cache_limitHR $unit”
  cecho “Current Query cache Memory fill ratio = $qcache_mem_fill_ratio %”
  if [ -z $query_cache_min_res_unit ] ; then
   cecho “No query_cache_min_res_unit is defined.  Using MySQL < 4.1 cache fragmentation can be inpredictable” %yellow
  else
   human_readable $query_cache_min_res_unit query_cache_min_res_unitHR
   cecho “Current query_cache_min_res_unit = $query_cache_min_res_unitHR $unit”
  fi
  if [ $qcache_free_blocks -gt 2 ] && [ $qcache_total_blocks -gt 0 ] ; then
   qcache_percent_fragmented=$(echo “scale=2; $qcache_free_blocks * 100 / $qcache_total_blocks” | bc -l)
   qcache_percent_fragmentedHR=$(echo “scale=0; $qcache_percent_fragmented / 1″ | bc -l)
   if [ $qcache_percent_fragmentedHR -gt 20 ] ; then
    cecho “Query Cache is $qcache_percent_fragmentedHR % fragmented” red
    cecho “Run \”FLUSH QUERY CACHE\” periodically to defragment the query cache memory” red
    cecho “If you have many small queries lower ‘query_cache_min_res_unit’ to reduce fragmentation.” red
   fi
  fi

  if [ $qcache_mem_fill_ratioHR -le 25 ] ; then
                 cecho “Your query_cache_size seems to be too high.” red
                 cecho “Perhaps you can use these resources elsewhere” red
  fi
  if [ $qcache_lowmem_prunes -ge 50 ] && [ $qcache_mem_fill_ratioHR -ge 80 ]; then
   cechon “However, ”
   cechon “$qcache_lowmem_prunes ” boldred
   cecho “queries have been removed from the query cache due to lack of memory”
   cecho “Perhaps you should raise query_cache_size” boldred
  fi
  cecho “MySQL won’t cache query results that are larger than query_cache_limit in size” yellow
 fi

}

check_sort_operations () {

## — Sort Operations — ##

 cecho “SORT OPERATIONS” boldblue

 mysql_status \’Sort_merge_passes\’ sort_merge_passes
 mysql_status \’Sort_scan\’ sort_scan
 mysql_status \’Sort_range\’ sort_range
 mysql_variable \’sort_buffer%\’ sort_buffer_size
 mysql_variable \’read_rnd_buffer_size\’ read_rnd_buffer_size

 total_sorts=$(($sort_scan+$sort_range))
 if [ -z $read_rnd_buffer_size ] ; then
  mysql_variable \’record_buffer\’ read_rnd_buffer_size
 fi

 ## Correct for rounding error in mysqld where 512K != 524288 ##
 sort_buffer_size=$(($sort_buffer_size+8))
 read_rnd_buffer_size=$(($read_rnd_buffer_size+8))

 human_readable $sort_buffer_size sort_buffer_sizeHR
 cecho “Current sort_buffer_size = $sort_buffer_sizeHR $unit”

 human_readable $read_rnd_buffer_size read_rnd_buffer_sizeHR
 cechon “Current ”
 if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] ; then
  cechon “record_rnd_buffer ”
 else
  cechon “read_rnd_buffer_size ”
 fi
 cecho “= $read_rnd_buffer_sizeHR $unit”

 if [ $total_sorts -eq 0 ] ; then
  cecho “No sort operations have been performed”
  passes_per_sort=0
 fi
 if [ $sort_merge_passes -ne 0 ] ; then
  passes_per_sort=$(($sort_merge_passes/$total_sorts))
 else
  passes_per_sort=0
 fi

 if [ $passes_per_sort -ge 2 ] ; then
  cechon “On average ”
  cechon “$passes_per_sort ” boldred
  cecho “sort merge passes are made per sort operation”
  cecho “You should raise your sort_buffer_size”
  cechon “You should also raise your ”
  if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] ; then
   cecho “record_rnd_buffer_size”
  else
   cecho “read_rnd_buffer_size”
  fi
 else
  cecho “Sort buffer seems to be fine” green
 fi
}

check_join_operations () {

## — Joins — ##

 cecho “JOINS” boldblue

 mysql_status \’Select_full_join\’ select_full_join
 mysql_status \’Select_range_check\’ select_range_check
 mysql_variable \’join_buffer%\’ join_buffer_size
 
 ## Some 4K is dropped from join_buffer_size adding it back to make sane ##
 ## handling of human-readable conversion ##

 join_buffer_size=$(($join_buffer_size+4096))

 human_readable $join_buffer_size join_buffer_sizeHR 2

 cecho “Current join_buffer_size = $join_buffer_sizeHR $unit”
 cecho “You have had $select_full_join queries where a join could not use an index properly”

 if [ $select_range_check -eq 0 ] && [ $select_full_join -eq 0 ] ; then
  cecho “Your joins seem to be using indexes properly” green
 fi
 if [ $select_full_join -gt 0 ] ; then
  print_error=’true’
  raise_buffer=’true’
 fi
 if [ $select_range_check -gt 0 ] ; then
  cecho “You have had $select_range_check joins without keys that check for key usage after each row” red
  print_error=’true’
  raise_buffer=’true’
 fi

 ## For Debuging ##
 # print_error=’true’
 if [ $join_buffer_size -ge 4194304 ] ; then
  cecho “join_buffer_size >= 4 M” boldred
  cecho “This is not advised” boldred
  raise_buffer=
 fi

 if [ $print_error ] ; then
  if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] || [ "$major_version" = '4.0' ] ; then
   cecho “You should enable \”log-long-format\” ”
  elif [ "$major_version" = '4.1' ] || [ "$major_version" = '5.0' ] || [ "$major_version" = '5.1' ] ; then
   cecho “You should enable \”log-queries-not-using-indexes\”"
  fi
  cecho “Then look for non indexed joins in the slow query log.”
  if [ $raise_buffer ] ; then
  cecho “If you are unable to optimize your queries you may want to increase your”
  cecho “join_buffer_size to accommodate larger joins in one pass.”
  printf “\n”
  cecho “Note! This script will still suggest raising the join_buffer_size when” boldred
  cecho “ANY joins not using indexes are found.” boldred
  fi
 fi

 # XXX Add better tests for join_buffer_size XXX #
}

check_tmp_tables () {

## — Temp Tables — ##

 cecho “TEMP TABLES” boldblue

 mysql_status \’Created_tmp_tables\’ created_tmp_tables
 mysql_status \’Created_tmp_disk_tables\’ created_tmp_disk_tables
 mysql_variable \’tmp_table_size\’ tmp_table_size
 mysql_variable \’max_heap_table_size\’ max_heap_table_size
 if [ $created_tmp_tables -eq 0 ] ; then
  tmp_disk_tables=0
 else
  tmp_disk_tables=$((created_tmp_disk_tables*100/(created_tmp_tables+created_tmp_disk_tables)))
 fi
 human_readable $max_heap_table_size max_heap_table_sizeHR
 cecho “Current max_heap_table_size = $max_heap_table_sizeHR $unit”

 human_readable $tmp_table_size tmp_table_sizeHR
 cecho “Current tmp_table_size = $tmp_table_sizeHR $unit”

 cecho “Of $created_tmp_tables temp tables, $tmp_disk_tables% were created on disk”
 if [ $tmp_table_size -gt $max_heap_table_size ] ; then
  cecho “Effective in-memory tmp_table_size is limited to max_heap_table_size.” yellow
 fi
 if [ $tmp_disk_tables -ge 25 ] ; then
  cecho “Perhaps you should increase your tmp_table_size and/or max_heap_table_size” boldred
  cecho “to reduce the number of disk-based temporary tables” boldred
  cecho “Note! BLOB and TEXT columns are not allow in memory tables.” yellow
  cecho “If you are using these columns raising these values might not impact your ” yellow
  cecho  “ratio of on disk temp tables.” yellow
 else
  cecho “Created disk tmp tables ratio seems fine” green
 fi
}

check_open_files () {

## — Open Files Limit — ##
 cecho “OPEN FILES LIMIT” boldblue

 mysql_variable \’open_files_limit\’ open_files_limit
 mysql_status   \’Open_files\’ open_files
 
 if [ -z $open_files_limit ] || [ $open_files_limit -eq 0 ] ; then
  open_files_limit=$(ulimit -n)
  cant_override=1
 else
  cant_override=0
 fi
 cecho “Current open_files_limit = $open_files_limit files”
 
 open_files_ratio=$(($open_files*100/$open_files_limit))

 cecho “The open_files_limit should typically be set to at least 2x-3x” yellow
 cecho “that of table_cache if you have heavy MyISAM usage.” yellow
 if [ $open_files_ratio -ge 75 ] ; then
  cecho “You currently have open more than 75% of your open_files_limit” boldred
  if [ $cant_override -eq 1 ] ; then
   cecho “You should set a higer value for ulimit -u in the mysql startup script then restart mysqld” boldred
   cecho “MySQL 3.23 users : This is just a guess based upon the current shell’s ulimit -u value” yellow
  elif [ $cant_override -eq 0 ] ; then
   cecho “You should set a higher value for open_files_limit in my.cnf” boldred
  else
   cecho “ERROR can’t determine if mysqld override of ulimit is allowed” boldred
   exit 1
  fi
 else
  cecho “Your open_files_limit value seems to be fine” green
 fi

 

}

check_table_cache () {

## — Table Cache — ##

 cecho “TABLE CACHE” boldblue

 mysql_variable \’datadir\’ datadir
 mysql_variable \’table_cache\’ table_cache

 ## /* MySQL +5.1 version of table_cache */ ##
 mysql_variable \’table_open_cache\’ table_open_cache
 mysql_variable \’table_definition_cache\’ table_definition_cache

 mysql_status \’Open_tables\’ open_tables
 mysql_status \’Opened_tables\’ opened_tables
 mysql_status \’Open_table_definitions\’ open_table_definitions
 
 table_count=$($mysql -Bse “/*!50000 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_TYPE=’BASE TABLE’ */”)

 if [ -z "$table_count" ] ; then
  if [ "$UID" != "$socket_owner" ] && [ "$UID" != "0" ] ; then
   cecho “You are not ‘$socket_owner’ or ‘root’” red
   cecho “I am unable to determine the table_count!” red
  else
   table_count=$(find $datadir 2>&1 | grep -c .frm$)
  fi
 fi
 if [ $table_open_cache ] ; then
  table_cache=$table_open_cache
 fi

 if [ $opened_tables -ne 0 ] && [ $table_cache -ne 0 ] ; then
  table_cache_hit_rate=$(($open_tables*100/$opened_tables))
  table_cache_fill=$(($open_tables*100/$table_cache))
 elif [ $opened_tables -eq 0 ] && [ $table_cache -ne 0 ] ; then
  table_cache_hit_rate=100
  table_cache_fill=$(($open_tables*100/$table_cache))
 else
  cecho “ERROR no table_cache ?!” boldred
  exit 1
 fi
 if [ $table_cache ] && [ ! $table_open_cache ] ; then
  cecho “Current table_cache value = $table_cache tables”
 fi
 if [ $table_open_cache ] ; then
  cecho “Current table_open_cache = $table_open_cache tables”
  cecho “Current table_definition_cache = $table_definition_cache tables”
 fi
 if [ $table_count ] ; then
 cecho “You have a total of $table_count tables”
 fi

 if  [ $table_cache_fill -lt 95 ] ; then
  cechon “You have ”
  cechon “$open_tables ” green
  cecho “open tables.”
  cecho “The table_cache value seems to be fine” green
 elif [ $table_cache_hit_rate -le 85 -o  $table_cache_fill -ge 95 ]; then
  cechon “You have ”
  cechon “$open_tables ” boldred
  cecho “open tables.”
  cechon “Current table_cache hit rate is ”
  cecho “$table_cache_hit_rate%” boldred
  cechon “, while ”
  cechon “$table_cache_fill% ” boldred
  cecho “of your table cache is in use”
  cecho “You should probably increase your table_cache” red
 else
  cechon “Current table_cache hit rate is ”
  cechon “$table_cache_hit_rate%” green
  cechon “, while ”
  cechon “$table_cache_fill% ” green
  cecho “of your table cache is in use”
  cecho “The table cache value seems to be fine” green
 fi
 if [ $table_definition_cache ] && [ $table_definition_cache -le $table_count ] && [ $table_count -ge 100 ] ; then
  cecho “You should probably increase your table_definition_cache value.” red
 fi
}

check_table_locking () {

## — Table Locking — ##

 cecho “TABLE LOCKING” boldblue

 mysql_status \’Table_locks_waited\’ table_locks_waited
 mysql_status \’Table_locks_immediate\’ table_locks_immediate
 mysql_variable \’concurrent_insert\’ concurrent_insert
 mysql_variable \’low_priority_updates\’ low_priority_updates
        if [ "$concurrent_insert" = 'ON' ]; then
                concurrent_insert=1
        elif [ "$concurrent_insert" = 'OFF' ]; then
                concurrent_insert=0
        fi

 cechon “Current Lock Wait ratio = ”
 if [ $table_locks_waited -gt 0 ]; then
  immediate_locks_miss_rate=$(($table_locks_immediate/$table_locks_waited))
  cecho “1 : $immediate_locks_miss_rate” red
 else
  immediate_locks_miss_rate=99999 # perfect
  cecho “0 : $questions”
 fi
 if [ $immediate_locks_miss_rate -lt 5000 ] ; then
  cecho “You may benefit from selective use of InnoDB.”
  if [ "$low_priority_updates" = 'OFF' ] ; then
  cecho “If you have long running SELECT’s against MyISAM tables and perform”
  cecho “frequent updates consider setting ‘low_priority_updates=1′”
  fi
  if [ $concurrent_insert -le 1 ] && [ "$major_version" = '5.0' -o "$major_version" = '5.1' ] ; then
  cecho “If you have a high concurrency of inserts on Dynamic row-length tables”
  cecho “consider setting ‘concurrent_insert=2′.”
  fi
 else
  cecho “Your table locking seems to be fine” green
 fi
}

check_table_scans () {

## — Table Scans — ##

 cecho “TABLE SCANS” boldblue

 mysql_status \’Com_select\’ com_select
 mysql_status \’Handler_read_rnd_next\’ read_rnd_next
 mysql_variable \’read_buffer_size\’ read_buffer_size

 if [ -z $read_buffer_size ] ; then
  mysql_variable \’record_buffer\’ read_buffer_size
 fi

  human_readable $read_buffer_size read_buffer_sizeHR
 cecho “Current read_buffer_size = $read_buffer_sizeHR $unit”
 
 if [ $com_select -gt 0 ] ; then
  full_table_scans=$(($read_rnd_next/$com_select))
  cecho “Current table scan ratio = $full_table_scans : 1″
  if [ $full_table_scans -ge 4000 ] && [ $read_buffer_size -le 2097152 ] ; then
   cecho “You have a high ratio of sequential access requests to SELECTs” red
   cechon “You may benefit from raising ” red
   if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] ; then
    cechon “record_buffer ” red
   else
    cechon “read_buffer_size ” red
   fi
   cecho “and/or improving your use of indexes.” red
  elif [ $read_buffer_size -gt 8388608 ] ; then
   cechon “read_buffer_size is over 8 MB ” red
   cecho “there is probably no need for such a large read_buffer” red
  
  else
   cecho “read_buffer_size seems to be fine” green
  fi
 else
  cecho “read_buffer_size seems to be fine” green
 fi
}
check_innodb_status () {

## — InnoDB — ##

 mysql_variable \’have_innodb\’ have_innodb

 if [ "$have_innodb" = "YES" ] ; then
  mysql_variable \’innodb_buffer_pool_size\’ innodb_buffer_pool_size
  mysql_variable \’innodb_additional_mem_pool_size\’ innodb_additional_mem_pool_size
  mysql_variable \’innodb_fast_shutdown\’ innodb_fast_shutdown
  mysql_variable \’innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit\’ innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
  mysql_variable \’innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog\’ innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog
  mysql_variable \’innodb_log_buffer_size\’ innodb_log_buffer_size
  mysql_variable \’innodb_log_file_size\’ innodb_log_file_size
  mysql_variable \’innodb_log_files_in_group\’ innodb_log_files_in_group
  mysql_variable \’innodb_safe_binlog\’ innodb_safe_binlog
  mysql_variable \’innodb_thread_concurrency\’ innodb_thread_concurrency

  cecho “INNODB STATUS” boldblue
  innodb_indexes=$($mysql -Bse “/*!50000 SELECT IFNULL(SUM(INDEX_LENGTH),0) from information_schema.TABLES where ENGINE=’InnoDB’ */”)
  innodb_data=$($mysql -Bse “/*!50000 SELECT IFNULL(SUM(DATA_LENGTH),0) from information_schema.TABLES where ENGINE=’InnoDB’ */”)
  
  if [ ! -z "$innodb_indexes" ] ; then

  mysql_status \’Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data\’ innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data
  mysql_status \’Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc\’ innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc
  mysql_status \’Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free\’ innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free
  mysql_status \’Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total\’ innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total

  mysql_status \’Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_seq\’ innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_seq
  mysql_status \’Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests\’ innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests

  mysql_status \’Innodb_os_log_pending_fsyncs\’ innodb_os_log_pending_fsyncs
  mysql_status \’Innodb_os_log_pending_writes\’ innodb_os_log_pending_writes
  mysql_status \’Innodb_log_waits\’ innodb_log_waits

  mysql_status \’Innodb_row_lock_time\’ innodb_row_lock_time
  mysql_status \’Innodb_row_lock_waits\’ innodb_row_lock_waits

  human_readable $innodb_indexes innodb_indexesHR
  cecho “Current InnoDB index space = $innodb_indexesHR $unit”
  human_readable $innodb_data innodb_dataHR
  cecho “Current InnoDB data space = $innodb_dataHR $unit”
  percent_innodb_buffer_pool_free=$(($innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free*100/$innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total))
  cecho “Current InnoDB buffer pool free = “$percent_innodb_buffer_pool_free” %”

  else
  cecho “Cannot parse InnoDB stats prior to 5.0.x” red
  $mysql -s -e “SHOW /*!50000 ENGINE */ INNODB STATUS\G”
  fi

  human_readable $innodb_buffer_pool_size innodb_buffer_pool_sizeHR
  cecho “Current innodb_buffer_pool_size = $innodb_buffer_pool_sizeHR $unit”
  cecho “Depending on how much space your innodb indexes take up it may be safe” 
  cecho “to increase this value to up to 2 / 3 of total system memory”
 else
  cecho “No InnoDB Support Enabled!” boldred
 fi
}

total_memory_used () {

## — Total Memory Usage — ##
 cecho “MEMORY USAGE” boldblue

 mysql_variable \’read_buffer_size\’ read_buffer_size
 mysql_variable \’read_rnd_buffer_size\’ read_rnd_buffer_size
 mysql_variable \’sort_buffer_size\’ sort_buffer_size
 mysql_variable \’thread_stack\’ thread_stack
 mysql_variable \’max_connections\’ max_connections
 mysql_variable \’join_buffer_size\’ join_buffer_size
 mysql_variable \’tmp_table_size\’ tmp_table_size
 mysql_variable \’max_heap_table_size\’ max_heap_table_size
 mysql_variable \’log_bin\’ log_bin
 mysql_status \’Max_used_connections\’ max_used_connections

 if [ "$major_version" = "3.23" ] ; then
  mysql_variable \’record_buffer\’ read_buffer_size
  mysql_variable \’record_rnd_buffer\’ read_rnd_buffer_size
  mysql_variable \’sort_buffer\’ sort_buffer_size
 fi

 if [ "$log_bin" = "ON" ] ; then
  mysql_variable \’binlog_cache_size\’ binlog_cache_size
 else
  binlog_cache_size=0
 fi

 if [ $max_heap_table_size -le $tmp_table_size ] ; then
  effective_tmp_table_size=$max_heap_table_size
 else
  effective_tmp_table_size=$tmp_table_size
 fi
 per_thread_buffers=$(echo “($read_buffer_size+$read_rnd_buffer_size+$sort_buffer_size+$thread_stack+$join_buffer_size+$binlog_cache_size)*$max_connections” | bc -l)
 per_thread_max_buffers=$(echo “($read_buffer_size+$read_rnd_buffer_size+$sort_buffer_size+$thread_stack+$join_buffer_size+$binlog_cache_size)*$max_used_connections” | bc -l)

        mysql_variable \’innodb_buffer_pool_size\’ innodb_buffer_pool_size
        if [ -z $innodb_buffer_pool_size ] ; then
        innodb_buffer_pool_size=0
        fi

        mysql_variable \’innodb_additional_mem_pool_size\’ innodb_additional_mem_pool_size
        if [ -z $innodb_additional_mem_pool_size ] ; then
        innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=0
        fi

        mysql_variable \’innodb_log_buffer_size\’ innodb_log_buffer_size
        if [ -z $innodb_log_buffer_size ] ; then
        innodb_log_buffer_size=0
        fi

        mysql_variable \’key_buffer_size\’ key_buffer_size

        mysql_variable \’query_cache_size\’ query_cache_size
        if [ -z $query_cache_size ] ; then
        query_cache_size=0
        fi

 global_buffers=$(echo “$innodb_buffer_pool_size+$innodb_additional_mem_pool_size+$innodb_log_buffer_size+$key_buffer_size+$query_cache_size” | bc -l)
 max_memory=$(echo “$global_buffers+$per_thread_max_buffers” | bc -l)
 total_memory=$(echo “$global_buffers+$per_thread_buffers” | bc -l)

 pct_of_sys_mem=$(echo “scale=0; $total_memory*100/$physical_memory” | bc -l)

 if [ $pct_of_sys_mem -gt 90 ] ; then
  txt_color=boldred
  error=1
 else
  txt_color=
  error=0
 fi 

 human_readable $max_memory max_memoryHR
 cecho “Max Memory Ever Allocated : $max_memoryHR $unit” $txt_color
 human_readable $per_thread_buffers per_thread_buffersHR
 cecho “Configured Max Per-thread Buffers : $per_thread_buffersHR $unit” $txt_color
 human_readable $global_buffers global_buffersHR
 cecho “Configured Max Global Buffers : $global_buffersHR $unit” $txt_color
 human_readable $total_memory total_memoryHR
 cecho “Configured Max Memory Limit : $total_memoryHR $unit” $txt_color
# human_readable $effective_tmp_table_size effective_tmp_table_sizeHR
# cecho “Plus $effective_tmp_table_sizeHR $unit per temporary table created”
 human_readable $physical_memory physical_memoryHR
 cecho “Physical Memory : $physical_memoryHR $unit” $txt_color
 if [ $error -eq 1 ] ; then
  printf “\n”
  cecho “nMax memory limit exceeds 90% of physical memory” $txt_color
 else
  cecho “Max memory limit seem to be within acceptable norms” green
 fi
 unset txt_color
}

## Required Functions  ##

login_validation () {
 check_for_socket   # determine the socket location — 1st login
 check_for_plesk_passwords # determine the login method — 2nd login
 check_mysql_login  # determine if mysql is accepting login — 3rd login
 export major_version=$($mysql -Bse “SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(VERSION(), ‘.’, +2)”)
 export mysql_version_num=$($mysql -Bse “SELECT LEFT(REPLACE(SUBSTRING_INDEX(VERSION(), ‘-’, +1), ‘.’, ”),4)” )
}

shared_info () {
 export major_version=$($mysql -Bse “SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(VERSION(), ‘.’, +2)”)
 export mysql_version_num=$($mysql -Bse “SELECT LEFT(REPLACE(SUBSTRING_INDEX(VERSION(), ‘-’, +1), ‘.’, ”),4)” )
 mysql_status \’Questions\’ questions
# socket_owner=$(find -L $socket -printf ‘%u\n’)
 socket_owner=$(ls -nH $socket | awk ‘{ print $3 }’)
}
 

get_system_info () {

    export OS=$(uname)
   
    # Get information for various UNIXes
    if [ "$OS" = 'Darwin' ]; then
 ps_socket=$(netstat -ln | awk ‘/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }’ | head -1)
 found_socks=$(netstat -ln | awk ‘/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }’)
        export physical_memory=$(sysctl -n hw.memsize)
 export duflags=”
    elif [ "$OS" = 'FreeBSD' ] || [ "$OS" = 'OpenBSD' ]; then
 ## On FreeBSD must be root to locate sockets.
 ps_socket=$(netstat -ln | awk ‘/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }’ | head -1)
 found_socks=$(netstat -ln | awk ‘/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }’)
        export physical_memory=$(sysctl -n hw.realmem)
 export duflags=”
    elif [ "$OS" = 'Linux' ] ; then
 ## Includes SWAP
        ## export physical_memory=$(free -b | grep -v buffers |  awk ‘{ s += $2 } END { printf(“%.0f\n”, s ) }’)
 ps_socket=$(netstat -ln | awk ‘/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }’ | head -1)
 found_socks=$(netstat -ln | awk ‘/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }’)
 export physical_memory=$(awk ‘/^MemTotal/ { printf(“%.0f”, $2*1024 ) }’ < /proc/meminfo)
 export duflags=’-b’
    elif [ "$OS" = 'SunOS' ] ; then
 ps_socket=$(netstat -a | awk ‘/mysql(d)?.sock/ { print $5 }’ | head -1)
 found_socks=$(netstat -a | awk ‘/mysql(d)?.sock/ { print $5 }’)
 export physical_memory=$(prtconf | awk ‘/^Memory\ size:/ { print $3*1048576 }’)
    fi
}
## Optional Components Groups ##

banner_info () {
 shared_info
 print_banner  ; echo
 check_mysql_version ; echo
 post_uptime_warning ; echo
}

misc () {
 shared_info
 check_slow_queries ; echo
 check_binary_log ; echo
 check_threads  ; echo
 check_used_connections ; echo
 check_innodb_status ; echo
}

memory () {
 shared_info
 total_memory_used ; echo
 check_key_buffer_size ; echo
 check_query_cache ; echo
 check_sort_operations ; echo
 check_join_operations ; echo
}

file () {
 shared_info
 check_open_files ; echo
 check_table_cache ; echo
 check_tmp_tables ; echo
 check_table_scans ; echo
 check_table_locking ; echo
}

all () {
 banner_info
 misc
 memory
 file
}

prompt () {
 prompted=’true’
 read -p “Username [anonymous] : ” user
 read -rp “Password [<none>] : ” pass
 cecho ” ”
 read -p “Socket [ /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ] : ” socket
 if [ -z $socket ] ; then
  export socket=’/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock’
 fi

 if [ -z $pass ] ; then
 export mysql=”mysql -S $socket -u$user”
 export mysqladmin=”mysqladmin -S $socket -u$user”
 else
        export mysql=”mysql -S $socket -u$user -p$pass”
        export mysqladmin=”mysqladmin -S $socket -u$user -p$pass”
 fi

 check_for_socket
 check_mysql_login

 if [ $? = 1 ] ; then
  exit 1
 fi
 read -p “Mode to test – banner, file, misc, mem, innodb, [all] : ” REPLY
 if [ -z $REPLY ] ; then
  REPLY=’all’
 fi
 case $REPLY in
         banner | BANNER | header | HEADER | head | HEAD)
  banner_info
  ;;
  misc | MISC | miscelaneous )
  misc
  ;;
         mem | memory |  MEM | MEMORY )
  memory
  ;;
  file | FILE | disk | DISK )
  file
  ;;
  innodb | INNODB )
  innodb
  ;;
  all | ALL )
  cecho ” ”
  all
  ;;
  * )
  cecho “Invalid Mode!  Valid options are ‘banner’, ‘misc’, ‘memory’, ‘file’, ‘innodb’ or ‘all’” boldred
  exit 1
  ;;
 esac
}

## Address environmental differences ##
get_system_info
# echo $ps_socket

if [ -z "$1" ] ; then
 login_validation
 mode=’ALL’
elif [ "$1" = "prompt" ] || [ "$1" = "PROMPT" ] ; then
 mode=$1
elif [ "$1" != "prompt" ] || [ "$1" != "PROMPT" ] ; then
 login_validation
 mode=$1
fi

case $mode in
 all | ALL )
 cecho ” ”
 all
 ;;
 mem | memory |  MEM | MEMORY )
 cecho ” ”
 memory
 ;;
 file | FILE | disk | DISK )
 cecho ” ”
 file
 ;;
 banner | BANNER | header | HEADER | head | HEAD )
 banner_info
 ;;
 misc | MISC | miscelaneous )
 cecho ” ”
 misc
 ;;
 innodb | INNODB )
 banner_info
 check_innodb_status ; echo
 ;;
 prompt | PROMPT )
 prompt
 ;;
 *)
 cecho “usage: $0 [ all | banner | file | innodb | memory | misc | prompt ]” boldred
 exit 1 
 ;;
esac
chmod 777 tuning-primer.sh
（注释：蓝色为执行命令，红色为内容） 

 删除Kloxo/Lxadmin网站访问日志

            之前做的一台Centos linux 美国服务器代购，是我帮忙安装的Kloxo/Lxadmin控制面，今天突然出现mysql无法链接，很是郁闷啊，客户网站无法访问，并且在日志中也差不多其他的错误信息，着急之余，我google搜索了一下，发现出现这种情况有一些原因是Linux服务器下磁盘沾满导致的。为了查明客户这台Centos linux 美国服务器真正导致无法启动mysql的原因，发现确实是因为磁盘沾满导致的，起初，我认为是apach日志导致的，查看了apach日志后，发现并非如此，因为安装kloxo/Lxadmin后，日志文件分为网站日志和服务日志，查明后，发现确实是因为这两项导致磁盘占满。以下记录排错以及删除日志的过程。

Centos linux下查看占用磁盘比较大的文件请查看:linux du 命令找出占用磁盘的大文件 http://www.hwhost.net/linux-centos-du-directive.html

删除kloxo/Lxadmin日志文件

日志一
rm -rf /home/admin/__processed_stats
touch /home/admin/__processed_stats

日志二

cd /usr/local/lxlabs/kloxo/httpdocs/lib/domain/web/driver
mv web__lighttpdlib.php web__lighttpdlib.php.bak
mv web__apachelib.php web__apachelib.php.bak
wget http://svn.lxcenter.org/svn/kloxo/trunk/kloxo/httpdocs/lib/domain/web/driver/web__lighttpdlib.php
wget http://svn.lxcenter.org/svn/kloxo/trunk/kloxo/httpdocs/lib/domain/web/driver/web__apachelib.php
chown lxlabs:lxlabs *手工操作开始：
（1）编辑web__lighttpdlib.php，去掉下面的代码：
        $string .=  ”accesslog.filename  =   \”$cust_log\”\n”;
        $string .=   ”server.errorlog    =  \”$err_log\”\n”;
（2）编辑web__apachelib.php，去掉下面的代码：
         $string .= “CustomLog      {$cust_log} combined  \n”;
         $string .= “ErrorLog       {$err_log}\n”;
（3）编辑web__apachelib.php，把下面的代码
lxuser_cp($this->main->username, “/etc/php.ini”, “/home/httpd/{$this->main->nname}/php.ini”);
改成
lxfile_cp(“/etc/php.ini”, “/home/httpd/{$this->main->nname}/php.ini”);

     就以上方式即可处理完毕，如果觉得麻烦的话，可以通过如下执行脚本进行删除。

删除脚本
cd /
vim hwhost-kloxo-log.sh
写入如下脚本
# !/bin/bash
rm -rf /home/admin/_processed_stats/*
rm -rf /home/kloxo/httpd/lighttpd/*
rm -rf /var/log/kloxo/*
rm -f /home/httpd/*/stats/*
wq!
chmod 755 hwhost-kloxo-log.sh
./hwhost-kloxo-log.sh

  注释：蓝色为执行命令，红色为内容

HyperVM面板配合OpenVZ管理VPS

【HyperVM说明】
          HyperVM可以提供方便易用的管理，是管理更多的VPS或者虚拟机客户变得轻松，具体选项–virtualization-type供选择的参数有三个：xen/openvz/NONE，分别对应部署xen环境、部署openvz环境和不用部署虚拟机环境，若在已经部署好虚拟机环境的服务器上安装，则应使用NONE模式。

【安装前准备】
一台支持虚拟化的服务器。
服务器带宽要快，否则Yum安装HyperVM会很慢。（如果你使用国内的服务器的话，下载速度会很慢，因为下载源在国外）
最重要的一点是，服务器上一定安装好了OpenVZ环境。
如果不知道如何配置OpenVZ环境，可以参考(CentOS中OpenVZ通过Yum安装:http://www.hwhost.net/161.html)

一：安装前准备

1、卸载Mysql
       HyperVM在安装时，如果你已经安装过mysql服务，需要卸载现有mysql服务，重新安装，因为在安装HyperVM中会在mysql中创建库和导入数据，如果myslql不为初始状态（也就是mysql管理员root有密码），则无法导入数据：

【卸载命令一】
# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
# rpm -e mysql-server
# rm /var/log/mysqld.log.rpmsave

【卸载命令二】
#yum remove mysqld mysql-server

      按照以上方式任何一种卸载mysql后，即可执行以下mysql安装命令

【安装mysql】
# yum install mysql

※ 注意，若您的服务器上已有mysql的数据，请注意备份。或参考网上的资料，清空mysql的管理员密码。
本次例子未执行这部，一般情况下服务器已经安装。

二：安装HyperVM
【下载HyperVM安装脚本】
# wget http://download.lxlabs.com/download/hypervm/production/hypervm-install-master.sh

【设置执行权限并且执行】
#chmod 777 hypervm-install-master.sh
# ./hypervm-install-master.sh –virtualization-type=openvz

【安装完成提示】
FINISHED –21:25:15–
Downloaded: 6 files, 601M in 1m 13s (8.29 MB/s)
Executing Update Cleanup… Will take a long time to finish….
Congratuations. hyperVM has been installed succesfully on your server as master
You can connect to the server at https://:8887 or http://:8888
Please note that first is secure ssl connection, while the second is normal one.
The login and password are ‘admin’ ‘admin’. After Logging in, you will have to change your password to something more secure
Thanks for choosing hyperVM to manage your Server, and allowing us to be of service

***There is one more step you have to do to make this complete. Open /etc/grub.conf, and change the ‘default=1′ line to ‘default=0′, and reboot this machine. You will be rebooted into the openvz kernel and will able to manage vpses from the hyperVM interface

【启动HyperVM】
# service hypervm start
/usr/local/lxlabs/hypervm/httpdocs
Starting hypervm: cat: /usr/local/lxlabs/hypervm//pid/wrapper.pid: No such file or directory
mysqld (pid 6582) is running…
Started hypervm

【管理地址】

https://ip地址:8887

http://ip地址:8888

        Lnmp一键安装系统适合CentOS系统,因为他们提供的系统都是纯32位的,而不是所谓的X86_64兼容32位的系统,纯32位系统内存占用更小,更稳定 查看你的是什么系统,运行uname -a就可以,我的显示 Linux imcat 2.6.18-164.6.1.el5xen #1 SMP Tue Nov 3 17:53:47 EST 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

          已经在CentOS的服务器上面安装成功,包括32和64系统

1.首先登陆Centos服务器,用SSH登陆.

2.然后就下载LNMP数据包，然后解压缩:

wget  http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/lnmp1.5.tar.gz

tar zxvf lnmp1.5.tar.gz

进入目录、添加执行权限并且安装:

cd lnmp
chmod +x .sh
./install.sh

修改mysql密码：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password mypasswd //mypasswd为自己的密码

这样你就可以上传你的网站了.

程序安装路径：

MySQL : /usr/local/mysql
PHP : /usr/local/php
Nginx : /usr/local/nginx
PHPMyAdmin /home/www/phpmyadmin
Web目录 /home/www
FTP根目录 /home/www

友情提醒：MYSQL数据库用户名root密码root，登陆后进入mysql数据库，找到user表，删除除了有root密码外的所有用户。

安装vsftp

 yum -y install vsftpd

/etc/init.d/vsftpd start

chkconfig –level 345 vsftpd on

以www用户登录的可以修改www用户密码

passwd www